Nitazenes are a class of potent synthetic opioid substances, originally developed in the 1950s by researchers to explore alternatives to traditional opioids, such as morphine, for pain management. Their aim was to design effective and potentially less addictive analgesics. However, these compounds were abandoned for medical use due to their excessive potency and high risk of side effects, notably respiratory depression.
Since their creation, nitazenes have rarely been used for medical purposes. Nevertheless, in recent years they have resurfaced on the illicit drug market, notably in unregulated forms and sold online. These substances, like isotonitazene, are often mixed with other drugs or sold as substitutes for conventional opioids, amplifying the risks for consumers.
Today, nitazenes represent a growing threat in the opioid crisis, due to their potency which is up to several times greater than that of fentanyl. This makes them extremely dangerous, even in very small doses, increasing the risk of fatal overdoses. In response, public health authorities are working to strengthen regulation, detection and awareness to reduce their impact.